The field of neuropsychology is a branch of psychology that aims to understand the relationship between the structure and function of the brain and certain psychological events and to diagnose and treat behavioral and cognitive effects caused by neurological disorders. In this context, clinical neuropsychology is an applied science that evaluates behavioral reflections caused by brain dysfunctions (Lezak et al., 2004). The curiosity to understand or measure the brain and especially the relationship between brain and behavior dates back to the 19th century. However, beginning with Binet, educational psychologists developed tests to capture the initially difficult-to-measure concept of “intelligence”. Following these pioneers, mental measurement specialists produced numerous examination techniques to screen recruits for the military and to aid educational assessments that were incorporated into neuropsychological testing guidelines. Society's acceptance of educational testing at some point led to the acquisition of large-scale, statistically dependent testing programs that provided an understanding of the nature and varieties of mental abilities from a normative perspective on neuropsychology. In the second half of the 20th century, many experimental psychologists realized the wealth of information about cognitive functioning to be gained by studying brain-damaged individuals, especially those with localized lesions. Similarly, neuroscientists recognized the usefulness of cognitive structures and psychological techniques in studying brain-behavior relationships. During neuropsychological assessment, clinical neuropsychologists typically address a variety of questions and assessments of cognitive functioning, being aware of both the neurological and psychological significance of their patients' behavior and respecting and engaging with their patients' different capacities.
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